P-doped CoSe2 nanoparticles embedded in 3D honeycomb-like carbon network for long cycle-life Na-ion batteries

We report for the first time a Na-ion battery anode material composed of P-doped CoSe2 nanoparticles(P-CoSe2)with the size of 5-20 nm that are uniformly embed in a 3D porous honeycomb-like carbon network.High rate capability and cycling stability are achieved simultaneously.The honeycomb-like carbon network is rationally designed to support high electrical conductivity,rapid Na-ion diffusion as well as the accommodation of the volume expansion from the active P-CoSe2 nanoparticles.In particular,heteroatom P-doping within CoSe2 introduces stronger P-Co bonds and additional P-Se bonds that signif-icantly improve the structure stability of P-CoSe2 for highly stable sodiation/desodiation over long-term cycling.P-doping also improves the electrical conductivity of the CoSe2 nanoparticles,leading to highly elevated electrochemical kinetics to deliver high specific capacities at high current densities.Benefiting from the unique nanostructure and atomic-level P-doping,the P-CoSe2(2∶1)/C anode delivers an excel-lent cycle stability with a specific capacity of 206.9 mA h g-1 achieved at 2000 mA g-1 after 1000 cycles.In addition,this material can be synthesized using a facile pyrolysis and selenization/phosphorization approach.This study provides new opportunities of heteroatom doping as an effective method to improve the cycling stability of Na-ion anode materials.     

用于远程激光测距机的板条激光器

研制了用于远程激光脉冲测距机的板条激光器。使用半导体泵浦的MOPA激光结构实现了大于250 mJ的脉冲激光输出,输出脉冲宽度为12.83 ns,最终输出激光光束束散角为0.18 mrad。该激光测照器可应用于远程激光测距。对激光测距机的测距与照射能力进行了理论计算与分析。理论分析表明,应用于机载平台时,该激光测照器能够实现50 km距离的激光测距。该型激光测距机具有测距距离远,重量轻,结构紧凑等特点,具有广泛的应用前景。     

离子液体水热法辅助合成稀土Ce掺杂ZnO纳米材料的制备及其应用研究

以1-甲基咪唑和氯代正丁烷为原料,合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体;以醋酸锌[Zn(Ac)2]、硫酸锌(ZnSO4)和氯化锌(ZnCl2)为锌源,在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体和丙氨酸体系中与硝酸铈反应,经水热合成法制备得到Ce掺杂的纳米ZnO。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对产品进行表征。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,采用UV-Vis检测,考察了Ce掺杂的纳米ZnO的光催化活性。研究表明,焙烧温度对光催化的晶体结构和光催化活性产生较大的影响;2%Ce/ZnO、焙烧温度为500℃、催化时间为30 min、亚甲基蓝用量0.05 g、pH值为10时降解率可达99.5%以上。     

0Cr20Mn21Ni2N奥氏体不锈钢锻件组织性能研究

研究了无磁钻铤用0Cr20Mn21Ni2N奥氏体不锈钢圆棒锻件横截面的室温强度、硬度和韧性等力学性能,并从微观角度进行了分析。在圆棒表层区域观察到了锻造变形态晶粒组织,而直径四分之一区域为再结晶组织,平均晶粒尺寸为80μm,芯部再结晶晶粒尺寸粗化为150μm,这些差异是由不同的变形温度和降温速度造成的。这种组织差异导致的室温拉伸性能和冲击韧性也有相应的变化趋势。研究结果表明,在900、1000℃以0.5 s-1的应变速率压缩的0Cr20Mn21Ni2N试验钢样品,其应力应变曲线具有一定的加工硬化特征,其芯部硬度比应变速率为0.1 s-1的样品分别提升了28、15 HB。在700、800℃以20%以上的变形量进行压缩时,峰值抗力显著提高,而在900、1000℃以10%~50%的变形量进行压缩时,峰值抗力均无明显提高,可保证顺利的变形过程。     

ZSM-5沸石膜用于生物油的脱水分离及其再生过程研究

在水热条件下通过无模板剂法合成了连续的ZSM-5沸石膜，并将其用于生物油的渗透汽化以进行高效脱水分离。ZSM-5沸石膜在强酸性、多组分的生物油体系中保持了很好的化学稳定性和优异的分离选择性，但在分离过程中面临着较强的膜污染问题，导致了膜通量的大幅下降。ZSM-5沸石膜的再生研究表明，膜的渗透通量随着再生温度的升高而逐渐提高。当再生温度为220℃时，ZSM-5沸石膜的渗透通量可以恢复至初始的88%。再生的机理研究表明，ZSM-5沸石膜中大量的晶内孔在生物油体系中极易被污染，从而导致渗透通量迅速下降；而相对较大的晶间孔却难以被完全堵塞，水分子在被污染的ZSM-5沸石膜中主要通过晶间孔进行渗透。上述结果表明，通过合理调控ZSM-5沸石膜的晶间孔的数量和尺寸大小可有效提升ZSM-5沸石膜在生物油中的渗透汽化脱水分离性能。     

国内外离子膜法烧碱生产技术综述(未完继续)

对目前国内外离子膜法烧碱生产装置的相关工艺进行了系统的阐述.     

PVC树脂聚合用有机过氧化物引发剂

介绍了目前国内外引发剂的使用及开发方向,并对引发剂的选择及其对树脂质量的影响进行了讨论。     

侧钻水平井悬挂筛管顶部注水泥完井技术

目前现场常用的侧钻水平井完井技术无法兼顾实现造斜段气、水层的有效封堵以及水平段油层的有效开发.分析了侧钻水平井完井工作中存在的油层防砂、封隔器胀封以及完井工具要求高等技术难点,通过优化完井管柱设计和对完井管柱进一步研究,有效解决了在侧钻水平井完井工作中存在的困难,并在N36-CP1井完井施工中得以成功应用,总结出侧钻水平井悬挂筛管顶部注水泥裸眼封隔器分段筛管完井技术,该技术是对上述几种完井技术的综合体现,实现了对造斜段气、水层的有效封堵,满足了造斜段油层有效开发的要求.该技术有力地提高了油田采收率和开发效果,对国内其他油田侧钻水平井完井工作也具有指导和借鉴意义.     

Preparation of a pitch-based activated carbon with a high specific surface area

Pitch based activated carbons (PAC) with a high specific surface area were produced by a direct chemical activation route in which oxidative stabilized pitch derived from ethylene tar oil was reacted with potassium hydroxide under various activation conditions. It was found that PACs with a surface area of around 2600–3600 m² g^-1 could be obtained under suitable activation conditions. N₂ adsorption (at 77 K) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments showed that the PAC has a uniformly developed micropore structure and a narrow pore size distribution (radius 0.8–1.6 nm). Abundant oxygen-containing functional groups (such as C–OH, C–O–C, C=O, COOR etc.) were found to exist on its surface. Compared with a commercially available activated carbon (AC) and also a pitch based activated carbon fibre, PAC has a quicker adsorption–desorption velocity and a larger adsorptive capacity to benzene due to its higher surface area. Clear surface differences between PAC and AC were observed by transmission electron microscopy. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

食品中病原菌检测技术研究进展

介绍了许多食品安全检测新技术和新方法,包括生化检测技术、免疫学技术、PCR检测技术、生物芯片技术、传感器技术、流式细胞术和基因探针技术,并且阐述了食品安全检测技术的发展趋势,这些技术的发展将会在食品卫生检验方面起到越来越重要的作用,最终将达到预防肠道传染病和食物中毒发生的目的。